compositions



y comma on PLASHO 106. COMPOSITIONS, Examine! (No Model.)

- H. 0. JEWELL. f AN PAGTUREIQF ARTIFICIAL s'roun AND MARBLE. No. 259,863. Patented June 20, 1882.

w wiizes sea UNITE STA ES PATENT OFFICE.

MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFI SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters cuu. STONE AND MARBLE. I

Patent No. 259,863, dated June 20, 1882,

Application filed April 26,1882. (No model.) 8/

1'0 all whom it may concern Be it known that I, HENRY O. JEWELL, of Georgetown, in the District of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Artificial Stone and Marble; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, making a 10 part of this specification. .Fignre 1 is a plan view, showing the blocks in position. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a block detached:-

This invention has for its objects, first, the production of an artificial stone or marble that will he impenetrable to moisture; secondly, the providing of a compound by means of which the ordinary artificial stones or porous natural stones may be rendered impenetrable to moist- 2o ure; -thir'dly,the providing an improved method of inlaying pavements composed of artificial stone, marble, or the like, and of inlayin g artificial marble, as more fully hereinafter described.

2 5 The accompanying perspective and plain drawings illustrate the method I employ for inlaying pavements and marble. I employ as a base for my improved artifi' cial stone and marble hydraulic cement, E);

man cgmgnt, lime of ie 1 ran 10 true or aster-of-iaris, using the dark cements for .s tono and the white ce pjg' t s, Kc, for marble;

and in preparing the composition for my improved stone 1 take hydraulic cement, as above meutioned, and mix it witlT lsi icioni,

sand and revel in proportions to suittiie co fi dif on's o t 0 work required. For instance, for foundations or work of a similar nature, I use about fourteen parts of gravel, varying in 40 size from that of a pen. upward, and one part of sharp silicious sand and one part of cement. I do nofiifdp'osflibivever, to limit myself a any exact proportions of cement and. sand or gravel, as the roportions may be varied in- 40 definite] with ."1" "tfisiilnt of my invention. As ageneral rule, the requisite quantity of cement must depend altogether upon the nature of the work intended andupon the size of the stone to be made, small stones requiring more cement than large ones. After the sand, gravel, and cement have been thoroughly intermingled-I dampen the same with water holding in solution the deutosulhatepi co 1 ier thus forming a plastm piasl'Tli nass, and temp the same into molds or forms for the shaping of a block or series of 4 blocks, and allow it'to set or harden.

The dep t gs lphnte of copper I employ generally iii the propdr't'io'ifdtone pound to seventyfive gallons of water, although the do proportions maybe varied to shit the work re quired. Myohject in using the deutosulphate of copper is to decomposethc alkali in the ocment and thus PGW eflioresceuce ill the finished stone, vfiiicnpfi vmveaasenous ob- '65 jection to all artificial stone heretofore made having hydraulic cement as a base, the efilorescing alkali impairing the color of the stone and disfiguring it.

'After the'stone has been I" or y ard' I saturatc it with a solution compounded froin i lug ingredie nt'fivizs alum ammonia ferri, one B pound; borate of sotmmmrate 4 e pou carholic acid, on? 7 of )otas pint id"; ia of ammoniam; nitrate 0F amm o nia omnuu'd; oxal' ci'd" mater two quart s dissolve 4 in a suflicieimi n'ti't'y' of w r to make a saturated solution. Whent 'sare made independently this compound may be employed as abath, in which such blocks may beimmersed until thoroughly saturated,.and then afterward removed and dried but when the stone cfiinv position is laid in amass the compound may j be applied as a coating in any suitable man- .1 ner, Boas to fill a t e pores and render the stone impenetrable to moisture. This operation of dampening or coating the stone with the compound is repeated for three -or four 0, days, and until the stone is throughly saturated and coated. The compound, when thus placed upon the surface of the stone, expels and takes the place of the moisturc'in the 'm'ass,forcingit downward and out of the same, 5

causing it to harden almost instantly, and obviating the-delay consequent upon the evaporation of the water heretofore relied upon to finish the stone:

In manufacturing bloc} of stgi e requiring a high degree of fini's'li' e fithci' wise the inner portions of the same maybe formed of coarse heavy gravel, with about one-fifth of the quantity o cement that the outer surfaces require.

In the preparation of ornamental pavements and in inlaying marble, Tinake use of a seriesof solid blockseomposed of wood, metal, glass, or other suitable material, andot' such design as may be required, as indicated by the letter C. These are beveled at their edges, so as to draw freely from the mass, and are provided with points D, by means of which they may be secured to the bottom of the mold. The main body of the compound is filled in around these blocks, and after it has sufficiently hardened the blocks are removed and the spaces filled in with the compound,diflerentlycolored,

- and the whole is allowed to set, forming a heterogcnenus ornamented mass or the compound may be laid in mass, with a. block of wood or other material in the center, and parallel, circular, oval, or rectilineal lines out through it by means of a tool similar to a beamcompass, which is pivoted to the center block and carried around it in a circle, or by any other convenient method. The spaces between the cuts are then removed and filled with the compound, difi'erently colored.

The superiority of a solid block over the forms now sometimes used, made of strips of sheet tin or iron, is obvious, as it remains solid while the base of the pavement or marble is being filled in and leveled ofi', while the latter are apt to lose their shape by being forced in by pressure of the material when being tampcd into the molds or forms.

In the manufacture of marble I use a larger proportion of cement aiidstib stitute fine marble-dust for sand. I reduce the mass to a plasticlFsemi-plastie state by the addition of the deutosnl )hate-of-co ier solution above descri et to each fifty (50) gallons, of which, however, I add two (2) quarts ,of ii uid fish Inc and the mass is-then formed into slabs, anil allowed to dry, andcured and rendered impenetrable to moisture lis' the use of the saturated solution heretofore described.

- HT'ifi'fitlfisdescribetrmy invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The compound artitieial stone or marble herein speeitied, composed of h draulic cement, Roumgcement, lime o t am teur; h ne, plaster-of-paris, and sand o1,'ln:1i'ble-(lust, and deutosulphate of copper, in'abouftheTroportfitfisfifiiidi W 2. The solution or bath for the manufacture of artificial stone, composed of alum ammonia ferri, bprate of soda, nitra tcof potashTEZiFbolic M... no WNW. geld, muriate of ammonia, nitrate ofan mon a,

oxalic ticitfiandliihe iv'a terfiilaboiit the proporutiasset fortlil' 3. The method of iulaying artificial marble slabs and stone pavements by'means of solid blocks of metal, wood, glass, or other suitable material, formed in any desired designs, to be employed substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature, in presence of two witnesses, this 25th day of April, 1882.

HENRY 0. JE WELL. \Vitnesses:

CHAS. L. Coonns, EDWIN L. JEWELL. 

